Definition and Examples of Heuristics in Composition

Definition and Examples of Heuristics in Composition In talk and organization examines, a heuristic is a system or set of procedures for investigating points, developing contentions, and finding answers for issues. Normal revelation systems incorporate freewriting, posting, testing, conceptualizing, grouping, and laying out. Different strategies for disclosure incorporate research, the writers questions, the meeting, and the pentad. What might be compared to heuristic is inventio, the first of the five ordinances of talk. Etymology:Â From the Greek, to discover. Models and Observations [T]he heuristic capacity of talk is that of revelation, regardless of whether of realities, bits of knowledge, or even of mindfulness. The heuristic capacity of talk is basic to the innovative procedures, that is the capacity to find the methods for communicating our musings and assessments viably to others.(James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric: An Introduction, third ed. Pearson, 2005)A heuristic is a lot of disclosure methods for efficient application or a lot of subjects for precise thought. In contrast to the techniques in a lot of directions, the strategies of a heuristic don't should be followed in a specific request, and there is no assurance that utilizing it will bring about a solitary authoritative clarification. A decent heuristic draws on different speculations instead of simply one.(Christopher Eisenhart and Barbara Johnstone, Discourse Analysis and Rhetorical Studies. Talk in Detail: Discourse Analyses of Rhetorical Talk and Text, ed. by B. Johnstone and C. Eisenhart. John Benjamins, 2008) Reexamination of Aristotles idea of heuristic uncovers both another element of old style innovation and a significant element of Aristotles Rhetoric. Heuristic isn't just an instrument for creating procedures to well-spoken to other people but at the same time is a techne empowering the rhetor and crowd to cocreate meaning.(Richard Leo Enos and Janice M. Lauer, The Meaning of Heuristic in Aristotles Rhetoric and Its Implications for Contemporary Rhetorical Theory. Milestone Essays on Aristotelian Rhetoric, ed. by Richard Leo Enos and Lois Peters Agnew. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1998) Educating Heuristics [I]nstruction in heuristic techniques has been disputable. . . . Some have expected that heuristics will transform into rules or equations, along these lines overdetermining or motorizing the expository procedure. This threat was acknowledged on occasion in explanatory history when expressions of the human experience of talk were instructed as resolute strides for doing logical acts instead of as subjective yet successful aides. Another discussion has originated from bogus assumptions regarding the viability of showing heuristics as a panacea for every explanatory issue. Be that as it may, they don't flexibly inspiration or subject information yet rather rely on them. Nor do they cure linguistic issues or give kind information or syntactic familiarity. Promoters of heuristics consider them to be a piece of a bigger collection of expository assets and contend that training heuristics imparts to understudies insider information on talk techniques that can enable them in veritable, conv incing explanatory situations.(Janice M. Lauer, Heuristics. Reference book of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication From Ancient Times to the Information Age, ed. by Theresa Enos. Routledge, 1996) Heuristic Procedures and Generative Rhetoric [H]euristic techniques can manage request and animate memory and instinct. The inventive demonstration isn't totally past the journalists control; it very well may be supported and encouraged.These speculations about heuristics and the specialized hypothesis of craftsmanship become more clear on the off chance that we review Francis Christensens generative talk of the sentence, a procedure that utilizations structure to create thoughts. After a nearby assessment of the act of present day journalists who have a talent for good proseHemingway, Steinbeck, Faulkner, and othersChristensen distinguished four standards working in the creation of what he called combined sentences. . . .Heuristic strategies empower the author to bring standards, for example, these to hold up under in creating by making an interpretation of them into questions or activities to be performed. If we somehow managed to design a technique dependent on these standards, it may look something like this: study what is being watched, compose a base condition about it, and afterward take a stab at accumulating toward the finish of the provision analogies, subtleties, and characteristics that serve to refine the first observation.(Richard E. Youthful, Concepts of Art and the Teaching of Writing. Milestone Essays on Rhetorical Invention in Writing, ed. by Richard E. Youthful and Yameng Liu. Hermagoras Press, 1994)

Pinnacle Foods Ipo Free Essays

Apex Foods Inc. : Initial Public Offering MACKK Consulting Group BSAD 444. 20 April first, 2013 Company History Pinnacle Foods Group is a food bundling organization gaining practical experience in rack steady and solidified food classifications. We will compose a custom paper test on Apex Foods Ipo or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now The organization was framed in 1998 as Vlasic Foods International, gaining a few food-fabricating brands, for example, Swanson TV suppers and Open Pit from the Campbell Soup Company. Pinnacle’s arrangement of famous brands goes back in presence to the 1800s. The soonest brand possessed by Pinnacle Foods, Armor Star, has existed since 1867 when Philip Armor established it as Armor and Company. Protection was the primary organization to create canned meat and was once Chicago’s most significant business, assisting with making the city and its stockyards the focal point of the American meatpacking industry. All through the late 1800s and 1900s, famous brands, for example, Duncan Hines, Log Cabin, Aunt Jemima and Hungry Man were presented and now are a piece of the Pinnacle Foods name. Zenith Foods procured Aurora Foods in 2003 when the company’s wellbeing was in peril because of claims in 2001. Ian Wilson, a previous official with Coco-Cola, established Aurora Foods in 1995 utilizing the organization to buy Van de Kamp Seafood from Pillsbury alongside a few different brands. Because of significant claims in 2001, Wilson and other Aurora administrators confess to protections extortion for distortion of the company’s budget reports. Jim Smith supplanted Wilson as CEO of Aurora Foods until 2002, at which time movements were set up that lead to Pinnacle’s securing of Aurora. Apex shut Aurora’s Missouri workplaces and moved them to Cherry Hill, New Jersey where the presently remain. In 2007 The Blackstone Group, a New York City private value firm, purchased Pinnacle Foods for $2. 16 billion (G. S. , 2007). From that point forward, Pinnacle Foods has procured Birds Eye Foods, Inc. , including a blend of solidified and claim to fame brands to its effectively famous portfolio. Industry Overview * Ashley Company Overview Today Fortune Magazine positions Pinnacle in the Top 1,000 Companies with more than 4,000 representatives. Pinnacle’s items can be found in over 85% of American family units and are pioneers in their particular classifications, holding the first or second piece of the overall industry position in 10 of the 12 of the classifications in which they contend. Apex right now centers around developing their â€Å"leadership brands† while revitalizing their â€Å"foundation brands†. Their authority brands are those with the most potential for development and advancement. These incorporate brands, for example, Vlasic, Duncan Hines, and Ms. Spread Worth’s. Apex values appearing class achievements with these brands. These driving brands are utilized noticeably in promoting efforts that praise their strong imperativeness. Pinnacle’s establishment brands are those that have a solid and conspicuous notoriety in many family units. Families definitely know and love these brands, for example, Aunt Jemima Frozen Breakfast, Open Pit, and Hungry-Man. Zenith endeavors to increase present expectations with these recognizable nourishments through new flavors and medical advantages. Apex must be imaginative with these recognizable brands to guarantee they stay as famous as they presently seem to be. Monetary Overview Financially, Pinnacle has encountered negligible development in the course of the most recent year. Net deals expanded insignificantly from $2. 47 billion out of 2011 to $2. 48 billion of every 2012 and in North America explicitly, net deals grew a small 1% from $2. 07 to $2. 08 billion. EBIT was $284 million of every 2012, subsequent to offering impact to $66 million in pre-charge charges identified with rebuilding and renegotiating. This rebuilding additionally affected net income, as Pinnacle needed to pay $51 million in after-charge accuses and was left of $53 million in net profit. Regardless of these charges, this total compensation shows a solid recuperation from 2011 when the organization endured a total deficit of $47 million. All out capital consumptions were $78 million of every 2012, down from $117 million of every 2011. These consumptions incorporate impression solidification. A rundown of these figures can be seen underneath in Exhibit 1. Display 1: Pinnacle Financial Statements It can be found in Exhibit 1 that Pinnacle has a considerable measure of securing, merger and other rebuilding charges. These charges are essentially identified with Pinnacle shutting offices in Washington, New York, Wisconsin, and Delaware. A total breakdown of these consumptions has been remembered for display 2. Show 2: Acquisition, merger, and other rebuilding charges One of the issues that Pinnacle as of now faces is their huge measure of obligation. They have generally $550 million of a term credit that is expected in 2014. This brought about Pinnacle entering the market with a $300 million gradual term advance a year ago, named F, with continues to be utilized to help reimburse the $550 million. Zenith has an extra $400 million E term advance that was coordinated before in 2012. This advance develops in October 2018 and is secured by a 101 delicate call premium until April 17, 2013. Continues from that arrangement were utilized to issue $199 million of every 10. 625% subjected notes due in 2017. By and large Pinnacle has about $641 million remarkable under the all-inclusive term advance due in 2016 (Bisbey, 2012). This is one of the essential explanations behind Pinnacle’s IPO, as will be examined later in the report. The accounting report beneath sums up Pinnacle’s obligation commitments just as their benefits and value. Display 3: Pinnacle’s Balance Sheet for 2011 and 2012 After playing out a two-finger investigation of this asset report it tends to be presumed that Pinnacle has not rolled out any uncommon improvements in the course of recent years. Resources have diminished marginally however that was combined with an abatement in liabilities by generally a similar sum which is sensible. Display 4 is a bit of Pinnacle’s income articulation that clarifies these adjustments in a critical position sheet. Pinnacle’s incomes from financing expanded 212% somewhere in the range of 2011 and 2012, most by far of this use being the reimbursement of obligation. By making various credit reimbursements, Pinnacle diminished their money and in this manner their advantages, while likewise decreasing their liabilities. Display 4: Cash Flows from Financing Activities Ratio| 2012| 2011| Return on Equity| 5. 9%| - 5. 54%| Return on Assets| 1. 19%| - 1. 05%| Return on Sales| 11. 46%| 7. 4%| Current Ratio| 2. 11| 2. 17| Fast Ratio| 1. 04| 1. 17| Debt-to-Equity Ratio| 3. 95| 4. 26| | Exhibit 5: 2012 Ratio Analysis of Pinnacle Group Inc. These proportions †¦ IPO The food-business area is changing because of expanded globalization, vertical joining, and mergers and acquisitions. This is driving numerous organizations to look to options in contrast to obligation financing so as to stay aware of the opposition. The open value showcase is a significant choice in financing the development important to get by among contenders, as it offers access to more value capital than could be accomplished from different sources (Stegelin Houston, 2007). With a huge number of dollars owing debtors commitments coming up due in the following scarcely any years, it is justifiable that Pinnacle is having an Initial Public Offering to raise capital. This takes action accordingly with examine that has indicated that as a food-industry firm’s influence proportion expands, the probability of an IPO increments too (Stegelin Houston, 2007). It has likewise been noticed that the likelihood of a food-industry firm IPO diminishes with the firm’s size and age (Stegelin Houston, 2007). Zenith is as of now 15 years of age which is fantastically â€Å"young† contrasted with industry pioneers Kraft and Kellogg which are both more than 100 years of age. This could be a contributing variable to why they are needing to open up to the world. This IPO will follow 13 different contributions in 2013 upheld by money related supporters, for example, private-value firms. These 13 different contributions can be utilized to freely anticipate the achievement of Pinnacle’s IPO, as Pinnacle is upheld by private-value firm Blackstone. These IPOs were fruitful, seeing a normal first-day increase of 22% and are up a normal of 21% from their posting dates. These outcomes are promising in contrast with 30 different IPOs everywhere, indicating a normal 15% first-day gain and an increase of 19% from the posting dates (Driscoll, M. 2013). Another significant benchmark is the IPOs of other food merchants. There were blended outcomes with respect to the accomplishment of food vender IPOs in 2012. The wellbeing food division demonstrated quality with characteristic food organizations Annie’s Inc. , Natural Grocers by Vitamin Cottage Inc. , and WhiteWave Foods Co. performing admirably since their IPOs. Annie’s shares have dramatically increased since being recorded last March while the estimation of Natural Grocers has ascended over 40% since their posting in July (Driscoll, M. , 2013). Then again, Roundy’s Inc. what's more, Amira Nature Foods Ltd. have failed to meet expectations since their IPOs. Roundy’s is a Midwestern general store chain and Amira is a rice dealer, the two of which are down about 20% from their contributions in October and February separately (Driscoll, M. , 2013). Since Pinnacle offers prepared, bundled nourishments, benchmarking their prosperity from the regular, natural food IPOs isn't truly solid. With individuals turning out to be increasingly more wellbeing cognizant nowadays, it isn't astonishing that these wellbeing food organizations discovered accomplishment in their IPOs. Despite the fact that Pinnacle carries the solidified vegetable brand Birdseye, they likewise convey various brands that would not be named sound. Of the previously mentioned organizations, the most dependable correlation for Pinnacle would almost certainly be with Roundy’s, the market chain. Grocery stores sell a wide assortment of handled and pre-bundled nourishments, and are the medium through which Pinnacle’s brands are sold. In any case, there is as yet not a solid

Daylight Saving 2017

Daylight Saving 2017 Significance of Daylight Saving Home›Informative Posts›Significance of Daylight Saving Informative PostsDaylight SavingA Daylight Saving procedure implies setting the clocks an hour forward or back to add more daylight to evenings and get less from mornings. The aim of it is to economize energy and natural recourses. Previously, the Americans called Daylight Saving Time ‘Fast Time.’ Thus, with the coming of spring days become longer and people put their clocks an hour forward. When autumn comes the days become shorter and the clock’s hands come back an hour earlier. It helps to save the energy usage of each family in particular and the whole country in general.The History of  the TraditionThe practice of daylight saving has been practicing for 100 year. However, the first idea of it emerged much earlier. Our ancestors used to adopt their working schedules to the sun light. Thus, they changed throughout the year with the changes of the Sun’s day. The first country to est ablish Daylight Saving was Germany. On April 30, 1916, it turned the hand of clock an hour ahead. The country aimed to reduce the usage of artificial light and economize it for the victory in the World War I. The United Kingdom, France and many other countries followed the idea of the rational Germen very soon. The USA practiced Daylight Saving for the first time in 1918. The efforts of the World War I were the primary reasons for saving too. Robert Garland, a Pittsburgh industrialist, is called “the Father of Daylight Saving” in America today as it was his idea to adopt the procedure from the British.The Results of Light SavingThe Daylight Saving Practice has been bringing many controversies till nowadays. It is proved that it considerably shortens the expenses and lowers power consumption. Within 1975-1976, the Daylight Saving was expended for 8 to 10 months. As a result, it saved 10, 000 barrels of oil every day. However, many people complain that the dark winter mornings mak e children way to school fearful and dangerous. Adults rarely can accompany them as they should hurry to get to their places of work too. Moreover, it is often harder to get up for all age categories of people when it is too dark outside.Current Schedule of Daylight SavingSince 2007 the current schedule of Daylight Saving has been practiced in the USA. It acts according to the Energy Policy Act of 2005, which extended the tradition for a month. Consequently, in 2017 the Americans started saving energy on the second Sunday of March and finished on the first Sunday of November. As Daylight Saving is an annual procedure, people in all states of America prepare beforehand to reset their clocks and watches at midnight or the morning after the stated by the government Sunday. They do this to avoid being late and feel comfortable during the day. There are no other celebrations on these days, but all this running about clocks and watches adds some fun to the ordinary routine of the working days.

Vaccinations and Autism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1007 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/02/14 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Autism Essay Did you like this example? Dr. Julia A. McMillan, a noted professor with extensive background in pediatrics, who highlighted several key points in favor of thimerosal not being a causal agent of autism. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Vaccinations and Autism" essay for you Create order She noted that the recommendation that thimerosal be eliminated from vaccines for infants was made as a precaution, knowing that mercury in large doses is a neurotoxin andnot because there was evidence that the mercury used in vaccines causes neurologic damage; vaccinations on the recommended schedule for children do not contain thimerosal with the exception of some flu vaccines (or contain only a trace amount that cannot be removed after the original manufacturing process); despite public thought, many vaccines, including measles-mumps-rubella, oral polio, and the conjugated pneumococcal, never contained thimerosal; the cause (or causes) of autism is unknown (2005). In reviewing the literature surrounding a causal relationship between vaccinations and autism, this writer encountered two barriers: very little evidence supporting a causal relationship between vaccinations and autism and a lack of recent research supporting or debunking the relationship between the two. Even some of the research that may have appeared to be in favor of a causal relationship on first glance, provided inconclusive evidence to support this hypothesis or flat-out denied that vaccinations cause autism. Whereas this writer began this assignment fully invested in the idea that vaccinations play a definite role in causing autism, a level of uncertainty is now apparent due to the research cited in this report. With that being said, more research as well as consultation with professionals are needed to weigh the options and make an informed decision as it relates to consenting to childhood vaccinations. And while there may not be an all-out refusal of vaccinations, it may mean making an adjustment to the vaccination schedule where possible. To vaccinate or not to vaccinate; that is the question. In conclusion, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have indicated that vaccines have reduced preventable infectious diseases to an all-time low and now few people experienc e the devastating effects of measles, pertussis and other illnesses. Many of these are childhood vaccines that have contributed to a significant reduction of vaccine-preventable diseases. Yet the public wonders whether, in the absence of outbreak, vaccinations may present more of a risk than the diseases they prevent. To have a balanced view, possible side effects have to be weighed against the expected benefits of vaccination in preventing the serious complications of disease. This sentiment can be seen in the conclusion made by press reports and public discussion: that â€Å"we’ll have an answer to the question of whether thimerosal is responsible for the increase in the incidence of autism among our children only by waiting to see what happens to that incidence now that vaccines for infants are free of thimerosal† ( ) a very sobering but logical thought that may not offer a sense of satisfaction to the average person. What would help, as Parmet (2016) elaborates is for the American legal system to treat public health as a legal norm in order to maximize health benefits and minimize risk of vaccines. In short, creating of norm of honesty and forthrightness when informing the public and everyone be held accountable. REFERENCES Black, C., Kaye, J., Jick, H. (2009). Relation of childhood gastrointestinal disorders to autism: Nested case control study using data from the UK general practice research database. British Medical Journal. 325, 418-421. Cannell, J. J. (2015). Autism causes, prevention treatment: vitamin D deficiency and the explosive rise of autism spectrum disorder [E-Book Version]. Retrieved from https:// ezproxy.alfred.edu Immunization Safety and Autism, https://www.cdc.gov/ vaccinesafety/00pdf/ CDCStudiesonVaccinesandAutism.pdf. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html Geir, M. R., Geir, D. A. (2003a). Thimerosal in childhood vaccines, neurodevelopment disorders and heart disease in the United States. Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons.8(1), 6-11. Geir, M. R., Geir, D. A. (2003b). Neurodevelopmental disorders following thimerosal-containing vaccines. Experimental Biology and Medicine. 228,660-664. Geir, M. R., Geir, D. A. (2006). A meta-analysis epidemi ological assessment of Neurodevelopmental disorders following vaccines administered from 1994 through 2000 In the United States. Neuroendocrinology Letters. 27(4), 401-413. Gerber, J., Offit, P. (2009). Vaccines and autism: A tale of shifting hypotheses. Vaccines. 48(4), 456-461. Gross, L. (2016). In search of autism’s roots. PLOS Biology. 14(9), 1-3. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2000958.g001 https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/History-of- Immunizations.aspx Hiviid, A., Stellfeld, M., Wohlfahrt, J., Melbye, M. (2003). Association between thimerosal- containing vaccine and autism. Journal of the American Medical Association. 290(13), 1763-1766. Hornig, M., Briese, T., Buie, T., Bauman, M. L., Lauwers, G., Siemetzki, U., Hummel, K., Rota, P. A., Bellini, J., O’Leary, J. J., Sheils, O., Alden, E., Pickering, L., Lipkin, W. I. (2008). Lack of association between measles /virus vaccine and autism with entereopathy: A case-con trol study. PLoS ONE. 3(9), 1-8. https://www.vaccinesafety.edu/IOM-Reports.htm Madsen, K. M., Hiviid, A., Vestergaard, M., Schendel, D., Wohlfahrt, J., Thorsen, P., Olsen, J., Melbye, M. (2002). A population-based study of measles, mumps and rubella vaccination and autism. The New England Journal of Medicine. 347(19), 1477-1482. Parmet, W. (2010), Pandemics, populism, and the role of law in the H1N1 vaccine campaign. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law. 4,1061-1082. Parmet, W. (2016), Health: policy or law? A population-based analysis of the supreme court’s ACA cases. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law. 41(6), 113-153. REFERENCES Pitney, J. Jr. (2017). The politics of autism: Navigating the contested spectrum. Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield Pub Inc. Singh, V., Lin, s., Newell, E., Nelson, C. (2002). Abnormal measles-mumps-rubella antibodies and CNS autoimmunity in children with autism. Journal of Biomedical Science. 9, 359-364. Suryadevara, M., Handel, A., B onville, C. A., Cibula, D. A., Domachowske, J. B. (2015}. Pediatric provider vaccine hesitancy: An under-recognized obstacle to immunizing children. Vaccine. 33(48), 629-634https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/default.htm Wakefield, A. J., Murch, S. H. Anthony, A., Linnell, J., Casson, D., Malik, M. (1998). RETRACTED: Ileal-Lymphoid-Modular Hyperplasia, Non-Specific Colitis and Pervasive Developmental Disorder in Children. The Lancet. 351(9103), 637-641. White, E. (2014). Science, Pseudoscience, and the Frontline Practitioner: The Vaccination/Autism Debate. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work. 11(3), 269-274. Wolff, S. (2004). The History of Autism. European Child Adolescent Psychiatry.13, 201-208.

A Woman s Risk Of Breast Cancer - 950 Words

Ovarian cancer is cancer of the ovaries and is listed as the fifth cause of death in women. Ovaries are the reproductive glands of only females and the main source of a female’s estrogen and progesterone. The ovaries are made up of 3 kinds of cells, which can also develop different types of tumors. Epithelial tumors start from the cell that covers the outer surface of the ovaries. Germ cell tumors start from the cells that produce the eggs. Stromal tumors start from the structural tissues that hold the ovary together and produce the female hormones (1). Most of these tumors listed above are benign meaning that they are non-cancerous and can be either treated by removing the ovary or removing part of the ovary. Malignant tumors are cancerous and therefore have to undergo further treatment such as chemotherapy. Ovarian cancer ranks fifth in cancer deaths among women, accounting for more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. A woman s risk of getting ovarian cancer during her lifetime is about 1 in 75. Her lifetime chance of dying from ovarian cancer is about 1 in 100 (1). Researchers have discovered several specific risk factors that could change a women’s likelihood of developing ovarian cancer. The risk of developing ovarian cancer as you get older is very likely. Most of the time ovarian cancer is seen in women who are over 40 or after they have hit menopause. Researchers have looked for the relationship between obesity and ovarian cancer andShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of A Annual Mammogram Is A Waste Time And That It s Not A Solution For Breast Cancer1717 Words   |  7 Pagestime and that it s not a solution to breast cancer. One hundred thousand women turn into their 30s lives could be saved by annual screening. But others might not be safe those who turn forty. For every 1,000 women who have a mammogram screening only 100 of them are recalled to get more mammograms or ultrasound images, 20 of them are recommended for a needle biopsy, the other 5 are diagnosed with cancer. About 40,290 women in the U.S. are expected to die in 2015 from breast cancer though death ratesRead MoreReducing Your Risk of Breast Cancer Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesis â€Å"how can I reduce my risk of getting breast cancer?† because all women are at risk. It is very important that all women know how to lessen their chances of getting breast cancer because women are most vulnerable of developing the illness. It is estimated that over â€Å"192,370 women will be diagnosed with and 40,170 wom en will die† of breast cancer in the year 2009; both the number of diagnoses and deaths can be cut in half if women try to lower their risk of breast cancer (seer.cancer.org). 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Author Gayle Sulik of Pink Ribbon Blues: How Breast Cancer Culture Undermines Women s Health describes breast cancer as, â€Å"abnormal cells [that] appear in the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) or the lobules (glands that make milk) and, more importantly, have the capacity to spread (metastasize)† (164). Breast cancer can be treated with surgeries and chemotherapy, radia tion, and hormonal therapiesRead MoreCauses And Risk Of Breast Cancer1026 Words   |  5 PagesCauses risk of breast cancer Breast cancer is a disorder that mostly happens to women, as for men it is very rare. BRCA1 and BRCA2 work as DNA but when they are not replaced correctly it can lead to cancer. When BRCA1 and BRCA2 is mutated, or altered , such that its protein produced either is not made or doesn’t function correctly, DNA damage might no be repaired properly. When you have breast cancer you can also be at risk of lots of other cancers. The process of BRCA1 and BRCA2 usually happensRead MoreEssay about The Risk Factors of Breast Cancer1244 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer is the second leading cancer killer among women, after lung cancer (Breast Cancer , 2014). Cancer is a word that puts fear in many people, especially if they have family members who have either died or survived the disease. No one wants to hear that he or she has been diagnosed with any disease, especially cancer. Many women do not take breast cancer serious until they are diagnosed. Sadly, once diagnosed with this epidem ic, a person’s life is altered forever. Breast cancer does notRead MoreThe Chronic Conditions: Breast Cancer and High Blood Pressure898 Words   |  4 PagesA few of the chronic health conditions that occur in my family are breast cancer and high blood pressure. My great grandmother was diagnosed with breast cancer later in her life, this was a while ago so she did not receive the type of treatment needed. 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Australian initial public offers Free Essays

Australia has been characterized by a varying trend in its initial public offerings between the years 2003-2007.  Ã‚   There has been continued initial under-pricing in the daily capital market and high under performance of the initial public offers. Broadly, Australian IPO’s have greatly been influenced by the government activities with its intention to promote public policy. We will write a custom essay sample on Australian initial public offers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through out the time, the government has been in strict control of the IPO’s in an attempt streamline the economic activities. Australia has gone under rapid changes in the IPO’s of companies which were initially owned by the state. Over the years since 2003 the government has restructured the IPO’s to focus a more economic growth. In nearly all the cases, firms owned by the government have been inefficient in comparison with those of the private sector. (Prasad, Vozikis) Since 2003, Australia has been faced with the problem of under pricing, which has been using the two-tiered pricing system allowing, retail investor to only pay a set fixed price as they leave investors from other institutions to form the price through bidding. This is an attempt to allow small sized investors with varied investment inefficiencies to have a chance of a probable investment in the capital. Over the years, since 2003, small retail investors are let to have their IPO order first before the bigger institutional investors. For both of the public and state companies, IPO’s have generally being under priced. There two basic reasons behind this, majority been market asymmetry and any possible government regulation to attain political interests. The variability of the under pricing is highly determined by the size of the issue, in which case high issues may imply lower under pricing statements due possible lower rates of subscription.   (Suchard, Woo, 2003) However, to the government, under pricing of IPO’s is a strategy geared toward immediate increase in the value to the gains from offer.   The IPO’s under pricing are structured towards achieving various economic policies. For every IPO, the domestic investors are mostly favored than private investors. This is an attribute that the government uses to minimize the cash outflow by the foreign investors. This is through the recognition attached to the capital outflows from economies. Through under pricing, investors are normally able to buy many shares which in turn give relatively high returns after the offer high returns. Market asymmetry is the major reason behind under pricing of IPO’s, where investors with large investment schemes are more informed about the market information to the new market share issue than small marginalized investors. To cater for this, the government regulation is to ensure that these marginalized investors are given the first favor.   In the purchase of the shares, huge investor would really buy them in bulk form at their under price situation. To the small investors, they will always benefit from receiving the new shares at a desirable chance. (O’Flynn, 2004)   Other investment entities like bankers may be in fear of possible litigation that may be accompanied by significant decline of the government to developed credibility in polices concerning market orientations.   Therefore, under pricing is a silent attempt by the government to control the prevailing status of the economy through adjustments in the capital markets. From the manner in which the IPO’s are released, they actually help to safeguard the weak and less developed investor from the activity of big investors who are well informed about the market system. Basically, timing of IPO’s Australia is normally scheduled when the government wants to release some of its ownership it has in its public owned companies.   Its basic intention is to create income to finance different government structures.   Either, IPO’s by the privately owned companies is done when the companies want to acquire income from the public for further expansion of its activities.   For both cases, initial public offers have showed almost the same characteristic in their under pricing characteristics. (Gharghori, Chen, Robert, 2006) In its use of two-tiered pricing system, the government helps to keep the low informed investors from any exploitation from the big markets. The subject of finance has struck the activities of many scholar who have been extensively been under the study of the influence of corporate finance and any market blocks that affect sourcing of this finance by different sized incomes in the investment concept by firms. It has been seen that, this concept is determined by the liquidity value of these forms in Australia. Such liquidity is basically determined by different firm’s context that pertains their cash flows.   Investment depends on this ratio, where firms subject to a high liquidity a faced with higher investment than those with low liquidities whose investment is relatively low. (Prasad, Vozikis, Ariff, 2006) However, under pricing in Australia has been a vote to the subject of asymmetry and possible imperfections that exists in the market system. On understanding the rigidities that exists in the market system, the Australian government has undertaken to ensure under pricing to safe guard the interest of the low investor in the understanding of the market structures that work in favor of the big investors. (O’Flynn, 2005) Therefore, for the Australian government, it’s rational to undertake such activity since it basically leads capital development for the low income investors. Reference Suchard, J Woo, L (2003) Are Hot Markets Driven by Hot Resource Shares or    Hot Commodities? Australian Journal of Management, Vol. 28 Prasad, D, Vozikis, G Ariff, M (2006) Government Public Policy, Regulatory Intervention and Their Impact on IPO Under pricing. Journal of small Business Management, Vol. 44 O’Flynn, J (2004) Australian Capital Territory: January to June 2004. The Australian   Journal of Politics and History, Vol. 50 How to cite Australian initial public offers, Papers

Review Of Ceremony Essays - Ceremony, Laguna Pueblo,

Review Of Ceremony Review of Ceremony Ceremony, written by Leslie Marmon Silko, traces the alienation and destruction of a young Native American who must first come to terms with his past before he can overcome his post-traumatic stress. Throughout this novel, there are many symbols and examples of how not only the main character, but his culture as a whole was ignored, rejected, and destroyed. Ceremony takes place in the Laguna Indian Reservation in Grants, New Mexico and on the Bataan Peninsula during World War II. Alienation and isolation make up the atmosphere of the novel because the main character, Tayo, experiences them both. Tayo is a young Native American. Minor characters are Tayo's family, and four other war veterans. Tayo's family members are Auntie, Uncle Josiah, Grandma, and Rocky. Tayo lives with his aunt and uncle as a child. Auntie is ashamed of Tayo because he is a ?half-breed?. Auntie favors Tayo's cousin, Rocky, over him because he is a football star. Auntie rejects Tayo and never wants to be seen with him except when he is in uniform. Tayo goes off to war when Rocky decides to go. The war is extremely tough on him and begins to wax his post-traumatic stress. When Rocky dies, Auntie blames Tayo. Ceremony represents the tyranny that whites had over the natives. The most memorable aspect of the book is when Tayo thinks that a dead soldier is Uncle Josiah. This work gives knowledge of how the natives were treated and how in some ways are still treated. Anyone who is interested in this subject will enjoy the novel. email me for the theme paragraph(paragraph #3, that of which I did not include) [emailprotected] Bibliography Ceremony, by Leslie Marmon Silko English Essays

Free Essays on Mission

The concept of mission is a complex one and many people have different definitions of what mission is and should be. Some feel mission applies to a body of envoys sent to a foreign country or, â€Å"A purpose for which a person or group of people are sent.† (Oxford Dictionary) Many hold the opinion that mission is a purpose or task that people feel themselves drawn to; their vocation. Jesus was called by God and sent to earth to be, â€Å"a light to all the nations† so that â€Å"All mankind shall see the salvation of God.† (Luke 3:6) Jesus knew that he would suffer but yet he did not shy away form his calling. Patrick to was absolutely certain that his mission to the Irish was a call from God. In both his letter and Confessio we see, â€Å"his immoveable conviction of his call by God to proclaim the Gospel to the early Irish.† (Mulholland) The Apostles too were called to be witnesses to the Good News and missionaries of Christ, â€Å"Jesus united them (The Apostles) to the mission he received from the Father†¦they were called by God as†¦ambassadors for Christ.† (CCC) To Peter, â€Å"Jesus entrusted a unique mission†¦Peter is the unshakable rock who is given the power of the keys and the power to bind and loose.† (CCC) Many early Celtic Missionaries experienced the call from God to be, â€Å"exiles for the love of Christ.† (Adomnan in his Life of Colmcille) Ciaran of Clonmacnois experienced his call in a dream, like Patrick, calling him, â€Å"To go to a bank of a stream and there found a Church.† Those who joined the Peregrination movement felt the same calling made by God to Abraham to, â€Å"Get these from thy country and from thy kindred, and from thy father’s house, to a land I will show thee.† (Gen 12:1) They went with total dependence on God like Columbanus, â€Å"†¦seeking the salvation of many.† There are many similarities between the great missionary figures from both the time of Jesus and the time of Patrick and the Celtic... Free Essays on Mission Free Essays on Mission The concept of mission is a complex one and many people have different definitions of what mission is and should be. Some feel mission applies to a body of envoys sent to a foreign country or, â€Å"A purpose for which a person or group of people are sent.† (Oxford Dictionary) Many hold the opinion that mission is a purpose or task that people feel themselves drawn to; their vocation. Jesus was called by God and sent to earth to be, â€Å"a light to all the nations† so that â€Å"All mankind shall see the salvation of God.† (Luke 3:6) Jesus knew that he would suffer but yet he did not shy away form his calling. Patrick to was absolutely certain that his mission to the Irish was a call from God. In both his letter and Confessio we see, â€Å"his immoveable conviction of his call by God to proclaim the Gospel to the early Irish.† (Mulholland) The Apostles too were called to be witnesses to the Good News and missionaries of Christ, â€Å"Jesus united them (The Apostles) to the mission he received from the Father†¦they were called by God as†¦ambassadors for Christ.† (CCC) To Peter, â€Å"Jesus entrusted a unique mission†¦Peter is the unshakable rock who is given the power of the keys and the power to bind and loose.† (CCC) Many early Celtic Missionaries experienced the call from God to be, â€Å"exiles for the love of Christ.† (Adomnan in his Life of Colmcille) Ciaran of Clonmacnois experienced his call in a dream, like Patrick, calling him, â€Å"To go to a bank of a stream and there found a Church.† Those who joined the Peregrination movement felt the same calling made by God to Abraham to, â€Å"Get these from thy country and from thy kindred, and from thy father’s house, to a land I will show thee.† (Gen 12:1) They went with total dependence on God like Columbanus, â€Å"†¦seeking the salvation of many.† There are many similarities between the great missionary figures from both the time of Jesus and the time of Patrick and the Celtic...

Biography of George Pullman, Sleeping Rail Car Inventor

Biography of George Pullman, Sleeping Rail Car Inventor George Mortimer Pullman (March 3, 1831–Oct. 19, 1897) was a cabinet-maker turned building contractor turned industrialist who developed the Pullman sleeping car in 1857. Pullmans sleeper, designed for overnight passenger travel, was a sensation that revolutionized the railroad industry, replacing the uncomfortable sleeping cars that had been used on American railroads since the 1830s. But he paid a price in labor union animosity that followed him to his grave. Fast Facts: George M. Pullman Known For: Developing the Pullman railroad sleeper carBorn: March 3, 1831 in Brocton,  New YorkParents: James Pullman, Emily PullmanDied: Oct. 19, 1897 in Chicago, IllinoisSpouse: Harriett SangerChildren: Florence, Harriett, George Jr., Walter Sanger Early Life Pullman was the third of 10 children born to James and Emily Pullman in Brocton, New York. The family relocated to Albion, New York, in 1845 so that Pullman’s father, a carpenter, could work on the  Erie Canal. James Pullmans specialty was moving structures out of the way of the canal with jackscrews and another device he patented in 1841. Move to Chicago When James Pullman died in 1853, George Pullman took over the business. He won a contract with the state of New York the next year to move 20 buildings from the canals path. In 1857, Pullman opened a similar business in  Chicago, Illinois, where much help was needed in raising buildings above the  Lake Michigan  flood plain. Pullman’s company was one of several hired to lift multistory buildings and whole city blocks by four to six feet. Ten years after he moved to Chicago, he married Harriett Sanger. They had four children: Florence, Harriett, and twins George Jr., and Walter Sanger. Working on the Railroad Pullman realized that new buildings with better foundations would reduce the citys need for his services and decided to go into manufacturing and leasing railroad cars. The railroad system was booming, and although the greatest need was for transporting raw materials and finished goods, he had a different idea. He frequently traveled by railroad in pursuit of business but found regular cars to be uncomfortable and dirty. The sleeping cars were just as unsatisfactory, with cramped beds and poor ventilation. He decided to focus on the passenger experience. Partnering with  Benjamin Field, a friend and former New York state senator, he decided to build a sleeper that was not just comfortable. He wanted luxury. He persuaded the Chicago, Alton, and St. Louis Railroad to let him convert two of its cars. The Pullman Sleepers debuted in August  1859 and were a roaring success, with reviewers comparing them to luxury  steamboat  cabins. Pullman briefly succumbed to gold fever, relocating to Colorado and catering to miners before returning to Chicago in the 1860s. He devoted himself to making the sleepers even more luxurious. A Better Sleeper The first made-from-scratch Pullman- the â€Å"Pioneer,† developed with Field- debuted in 1865. It had folding upper berths and seat cushions that could be extended to make lower berths. The cars were expensive, but they gained national attention and increased demand when several of them were included in the train that took Abraham Lincoln’s body from Washington, D.C., back to  Springfield,  Illinois, following his assassination in 1865. (The slain president’s son,  Robert Todd Lincoln,  succeeded Pullman as president of the Pullman Co. after Pullmans death in 1897, serving until 1911.) In 1867, Pullman and Field dissolved their partnership and Pullman became president of the new  Pullman Palace Car Co. In 12 years the company was offering 464 cars for lease. The new company also manufactured and sold freight, passenger, refrigerator, street, and elevated cars. As the railroad industry continued to develop and Pullman prospered, he paid $8 million in 1880 for construction of the town of Pullman, Illinois, on 3,000 acres adjacent to his factory west of Lake Calumet. It provided housing, shops, and other amenities for his company employees at all income levels. Union Strike Pullman, which eventually became a neighborhood of Chicago, was the site of a vicious labor strike beginning in May 1894. Over the previous nine months, the Pullman factory had reduced its workers wages but did not lower the cost of living in its houses. Pullman workers joined labor organizer and American socialist leader Eugene Debs American Railroad Union (ARU) in the spring of 1894 and shut down the factory with a strike on May 11. When management refused to deal with the ARU, the union prompted a nationwide boycott of Pullman cars on June 21. Other groups within the ARU started sympathy strikes on behalf of the Pullman workers in an attempt to paralyze the nations railroad industry. The U.S. Army was called into the dispute on July 3, and the arrival of soldiers sparked widespread violence and looting in Pullman and Chicago. The strike unofficially ended four days later when Debs and other union leaders were jailed. The Pullman factory reopened in August and denied local union leaders an opportunity to return to their jobs. Following the strike, the Pullman Co. continued to thrive. While his factory maintained production of railroad sleeping cars, Pullman also ran the company that built the elevated railway system in  New York City. Death Pullman died of a  heart attack  on Oct. 19, 1897, at the age of 66. The bitter strike left Pullman reviled by the labor movement. So deep was the lingering animosity and fear that, to ward off vandalism or desecration of his body, Pullman was buried in a lead-lined coffin inside an elaborately reinforced, steel-and-concrete vault with walls that were 18 inches thick. Over this were laid steel rails placed at right angles to each other and bolted together. Everything was then covered in tons of concrete. The pit dug for the elaborate vault was the size of an average room. Legacy The Pullman Co. merged with the Standard Steel Car Co. in 1930 and became the Pullman-Standard Co. In 1982, the company built its last car for  Amtrak, and soon afterward the company faded away. By 1987, the assets had been sold off. Pullman transformed the railroad sleeping car from a smelly, cramped mess into rolling luxury, making overnight train travel more appealing to those who could afford it. He created an enormous business that made his name synonymous with a major component of the railroad industry. Sources George M. Pullman: American Industrialist and Inventor. Enclopedia Britannica.George Mortimer Pullman. Pullman-Museum.org.

Global Warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Global Warming - Research Paper Example Global warming is referred to as the recent rise of the standard temperature of the earth’s environment and the oceans and its predictable persistence. In the preceding 100 years, the typical surface temperature of Earth has been increasing at about 0.8  °C (1.4  °F) with almost two thirds of the increase mainly taking place within the last three decades (Houghton, J. T., â€Å" Global Warming: The Complete Briefing†). The global warming takes place when the greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide and methane entraps the heat and light from the sun into the earth’s atmosphere leading to the rise in level of temperature of the earth resulting in global warming. It is detrimental both for the earth and for the living objects of the earth such as human beings, plants and animals among others (Maslin, M., â€Å"Global Warming: Causes, Effects, and the Future†). It also hampers the livings organisms of underwater as well. Thus, many people or organisms that become unable to bear the heat of the atmosphere get destroyed and wiped out from the face of the world. Moreover, global warming also elevates the level of the seas, and as a result the low lands are flooded with the water thereby destroying the lives of many plants, animals and people on the islands (Schneider, S. H., â€Å"Global Warming: Are We Entering The Green House Century†). Moreover, it also obliterates the agricultural plantation of the areas thereby resulting in a drought situation. Due to loss of natural plantation or agriculture, the animals as well as plants also die as a result of deficiency in food (Mohr, â€Å"A New Global Warming Strategy†). In addition, due to the loss of shelter and the resources of food, the human beings might also have to perish from the face of the earth. This may result in the breakdown of the food chain thereby affecting the entire ecosystem of the world. It mainly has occurred due to emission of

Organisation competition and environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organisation competition and environment - Essay Example We find that swimming goods and articles associated with swimming has been selling more rampantly than goods related to any other sporting event. While 19% of the people preferred swimming for their health reasons, 18% went to the gym and did weight lifting or other such gym related activities. The keep-fit equipments and users roped in 14% of all those interested in maintaining their health. The other major influencing event was the team related sports. This influence affected the market conditions of the football specifically and to some extent rugby and cricket. More than Three hundred and sixty million pound sterling was spent by soccer enthusiasts on products and articles relating to soccer in 1998. This increase in demand in these two sporting events have happened due to the changed interest in the general health conditions among the public. When Obut and Boules started to manufacture French Boules there were not many manufacturers and they were able to corner the entire market since they were the first entrants. Second, they also ensured that their secrets of trade are not known outside and maintained absolute quality. This made sure that they retained their market share in the country and in Europe. The customers, though they got quality product from these two producers, the price levels should have been higher. The customers were probably paying more than what is due.The products were selling at a premium. Q3. Why have the French introduced a 'Norme Francaise' There have to be a standard for the products that are rolling out and the customers need to be aware of what is happening in the market. In order to ensure that the sold boules are of specific quality, a Norme Francaise has been introduced. Q4. What will be the impact of this standard on the industry The impact of this standard is that the sale of these products have become illegal and they are sold in their own way illegally. However since it is dominated by two of the manufacturers, a standard does exist without a written rule for the quality of the boules. Industry as such is only between the two manufacturers. Q5. What will happen to competition in the longer term in this industry If the competition tries to produce the same kind of boules without improving upon the quality they will have a natural and slow death. Even if they sold the boules at much cheaper price, it may not be accepted by the players. Therefore if the competition wants to sustain and grow in the industry they should ideally, look it setting right their lacuna and build a better product to increase their market share. Case 3: Q1. Explain the changing pattern of supply in the cinema industry from 1946 onwards. The cinema industry in 1945 Briton has been booming when it was in its peak of 1.645 billion admissions in 4600 theaters. The initial high admissions during the 1945 to 1950 period is primarily due to the new trend in entertainment set by these theaters. People seem to love it and wanted to have all of it and more. The growing trend gradually declined. One of the major contributors to the steady decline is the television and the increased viewer ship that it brought along. The TV was the theater in every one's living room. The

Essay --

A1. Documents ïÆ' ¼ Fourth quarter balanced scorecard attached with excel spreadsheet. ïÆ' ¼ Balance sheet attached with excel spreadsheet. ïÆ' ¼ Income statement attached with excel spreadsheet. B1. Adequacy of Funds According to Ralph Estes’ Dictionary of Accounting (1981), a pro forma financial statement is described as â€Å"a financial statement created on events and transactions that are assumed, but has not yet happened.† On the other hand, a historical financial statement gives organizations financial measurements on how well the company has performed in the past. For that reason, without financial statements it would be difficult for management, investors, executive board members, and customers to analyze and evaluate how well a company does financially. The format in pro forma financial statements are similar to historical financial statements, but primarily focuses on the future theories and not past factual financial information. Also, a budget is a financial disposition to control future aspects in operations of money. Therefore, having a financial budget is extremely important especially when starting a business. During my simulation, I focused more on using a financial budget throughout to predict how much money I would spend during the expansion process of building the company. I kept my financial risk managed, so the company would not have any debt in the process. Unfortunately, this also backfired against me when I needed to invest more for the future of the company. The two points in my balanced scorecard are how well I did against the average companies. (Below is part of the final Balanced Scorecard for Investment in Future and Financial Risk). Average Typhoon Investment in Future 85.62 1.00 Financial Risk 0.91 1.00 Now... ...tion provided a purchase of the market search, but could have used a better overview of what tools or directions a business owner could use to succeed. There are many ways to achieve the ultimate goal of perfection towards the customer’s expectation in my simulation and benchmarking would have been an impactful improvement to achieve quality assurance goals. That being said, in the simulation there should be some evaluation of defects of the units that were sold to the customers. In a few of the quarters, feedback review of the quality of the product would also be another part of the simulation. Therefore, the quality assurance from the customer’s standpoint is vital in order to gain revenue and manufacturing growth for a company. Benchmarking would be an impactful improvement towards new business owners for this simulation to achieve quality assurance goals.

Agency problem and its solutions

Principal-agent relationship occurs when a principal contracts an agent. The principal hires the agent to perform a service for him or to act on his behalf. For example, in a large corporation, shareholders would hire managers to help them to organize the company in dairy business. However, agency problems may arise because of the conflict interest and asymmetry information between principals and agents, which lead to agency costs. In this essay, I would like to use the agency theory introduced by Jensen and Meckling (1976) to analysis that to what extent that agency cost would damage shareholder’s wealth maximisation and what actions shareholders could take to correct it.Agency problems and main causes of itFirst of all, there might to conflicts of interest or different goals between principals and agents, the agent would act as their best self-interest but not principal’s. Secondly, there is asymmetry information between principals and agents, managers may have more i nformation than principals or they could hide their actions. Thirdly, there is uncertainty in the outcome. The outcome may not just depend on managers’ effort but also other factors like good luck or high market’s expectation lead to increase in share price.Agency costsAgency cost incurred when the managers do not attempt to maximise firm’s value and the cost to monitor manager and constrain their behaviours. Agency cost is the sum of three types of costs, cost of designing the contract, cost of enforcing the contract (monitoring and bonding) and residual loss if contract is not optimal.Solutions of agency problems Monitoring Management compensation Incentive compensationThere are two major principal agent model, adverse selection and moral hazard. Adverse selection occurs when one of the parties, usually the  agent, has better relevant information prior to the contract. This hidden information will be used opportunistically to optimize the utility gained from entering the contract. In moral hazard the principal is unable to observe the agents actions after signing the contract. This causes the agent not to take the full consequences of his actions and thus he can use this hidden information to act opportunistically and maximize his own profit. In most cases the principal will have to carry the costs of this behaviour. ï » ¿Agency problem and its solutions IntroductionPrincipal-agent relationship occurs when a principal contracts an agent. The principal hires the agent to perform a service for him or to act on his behalf. For example, in a large corporation, shareholders would hire managers to help them to organize the company in dairy business. However, agency problems may arise because of the conflict interest and asymmetry information between principals and agents, which lead to agency costs. In this essay, I would like to use the agency theory introduced by Jensen and Meckling (1976) to analysis that to what extent that agency cost would damage shareholder’s wealth maximisation and what actions shareholders could take to correct it. Agency problems and main causes of it.First of all, there might to conflicts of interest or different goals between principals and agents, the agent would act as their best self-interest but not principal’s. Secondly, there is asymmetry information between principals and agents, managers m ay have more information than principals or they could hide their actions. Thirdly, there is uncertainty in the outcome. The outcome may not just depend on managers’ effort but also other factors like good luck or high market’s expectation lead to increase in share price.Agency costsAgency cost incurred when the managers do not attempt to maximise firm’s value and the cost to monitor manager and constrain their behaviours. Agency cost is the sum of three types of costs, cost of designing the contract, cost of enforcing the contract (monitoring and bonding) and residual loss if contract is not optimal.Solutions of agency problems Monitoring Management compensation Incentive compensationThere are two major principal agent model, adverse selection and moral hazard. Adverse selection occurs when one of the parties, usually the  agent, has better relevant information prior to the contract. This hidden information will be used opportunistically to optimize the utili ty gained from entering the contract. In moral hazard the principal is unable to observe the agents actions after signing the contract. This causes the agent not to take the full consequences of his actions and thus he can use this hidden information to act opportunistically and maximize his own profit. In most cases the principal will have to carry the costs of this behaviour.

Is It the Author, or His Content Essay - 1404 Words

Orson Scott Card’s novel, Ender’s Game, has been the most popular science fiction novel since its release is 1985. While the book is essentially a fantasy, it contains a lot of scientific and philosophical information that are both manifest and latent. The issue that critics argue over may not necessarily refer to the plot of the book, but rather to its moral dynamics. In this literary analysis, we will analyze Ender and his sibling’s relationship by referencing the Personality Development theory, and the history of many historic biblical saints. But first, the author himself will be analyzed in order to understand what influenced him to write such a popular book. As an author, professor, columnist, and political activist, Orson Scott†¦show more content†¦For instance, in his book Ender’s Game, the main character, Ender Wiggin, and his siblings, Valentine and Peter Wiggin, all share two major similarities. They all are named after historical saints, and wholesomely reflect what psychologist Sigmund Freud refers to as parts of the personality. The key element in Freud’s Personality Theory, is the Ego which operates â€Å"on the reality principle, [and] seeks to gratify the id’s impulses in realistic ways† (Myers). In the novel, Ender symbolized the ego, and developed into a young man that shared his brother Peter’s â€Å"ruthlessness† and his sister Valentine’s â€Å"compassion† (Card). The relationship that Ender had with his siblings was established at the start of the book, but was not made obvious until towards the end when Ender admitted that â€Å"in the moment when [he] truly understand[s] [his] enemy, understand[s] him well enough to defeat him, then in that very moment [he] also love[s] him† (Cars). Ender struggled with the battle of loving his enemy throughout the entire novel. Although he was forced to defeat his enemy in order to protect himself, he ultimately hated himself afterwards. A key scene that portrayed this issue was when Ender was confronted by Bonzo, his old team leader, and seven other boys while in the bathroom. Ender was aware of Bonzo’s plan to kill him, so to avoid hurting him, Ender asked him not to provoke a fight. Instead, Bozo attacked him. Ender had noShow MoreRelatedToday’S Major Media Platforms Are Defining And Developing1365 Words   |  6 Pagesdefining and developing what constitutes the Internet’s version of free speech. As a new form of expression emerges through the use of social media platforms, policymakers must regulate the censorship of posted content while still protecting the integrity of the user’s First Amendment rights. Authors Marvin Ammori, Marjorie Heins, and Jonathan Zittrain engage in synergistic conversation of censorship by mega media platforms’ evolving terms and conditions and their effects on Internet users through theRead MoreSimilarities Between The Dead Man s Pocket And The Trip By Laila Lalami1402 Words   |  6 PagesBradberry, Contents of t he Dead Man’s Pocket by Jack Finney, and The Trip by Laila Lalami there are similar settings, themes, conflicts, and characters that the authors use to help develop the plot. The stories may have different concepts and meanings which help bring forth the plot. These similarities and differences are used to help support how the reader feels and how the story is developed. All through the three selections, the setting helps to create the mood and atmosphere. 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For instance, the theme of the short story Contents of a Deadman’s PocketRead MoreLiterary Analysis Short Story1516 Words   |  7 Pages Are you ready to analyze three stories? Yes? Awesome! No? Too bad, because here we go! The three stories in question are The Leap by Louise Erdrich, The Contents of a Dead Man’s Pockets by Jack Finney, and Ambush by Tim O’Brien. The authors of these stories use aspects of their stories to shape the plot, show the theme, and to change the views and opinions of the characters in the stories. The first literary element used in the stories to form the plot, was the setting. In the story Ambush, theRead MoreThe Internet and User Content Essay1104 Words   |  5 Pagescontribution. In the third paragraph the author says, â€Å"The proposed Stop Online Piracy Act, or SOPA, which is being considered in the House while the Senate looks at a similar bill, is deemed the worst thing ever. â€Å" However, at no point does the author state who considers this bill â€Å"the worst thing ever.† There are many people who supported this bill, and I would assume in supporting this bill that they did not think it was the worst bill ever. The author then goes on to say, â€Å"The legislation hasRead MoreHow Vehicle Emissions Is Always Being Discussed By People Of All Different Fields866 Words   |  4 Pagesproblem as â€Å"How can we stop this?†. Authors Khan, ABM S; Clark, Nigel N; Gautam, Mridul; Wayne, W Scott; Thompson, Gregory J and Lyons, Donald W from the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at West Virginia University in Morgantown have written an article for the â€Å"Journal of the Air Waste Management Association† on the topic of vehicle emissions. The article is titled Idle emissions from medium heavy-duty diesel and gasoline trucks, the most of the contents of the article are results from